It sounds like you're trying to do this without the shop manual. Although sure, it's completely possible, I wouldn't advise it if you want it to go well and last.
As Ian says, the transmission will need to be reshimmed and that alone dictates you have the info in the manual to get it right.
Buy OEM Parts for Honda, Outboard, 150HP, BF150A4 XA VIN# BANJ-1000001 to BANJ-1099999
www.boats.net
The link above shows the "stack' of things you'll be disturbing when you remove the retainer nut (item 21)to free the main shaft. Plus, it's a good illustration of the shift shaft on the left of the page. Pay particular attention to the position of the little pin at the bottom of the shift shaft so you don't install it on the wrong side of the prop shaft or you'll be doing that job twice when it won't shift
The link below is a good illustration of the all stuff you'll be removing before getting to the main shaft retainer nut.
Note the 4 selective shims (item 17) you will need to choose from after accurately measuring for transmission gear lash. You need the manual to get that done properly.
Buy OEM Parts for Honda, Outboard, 150HP, BF150A4 XA VIN# BANJ-1000001 to BANJ-1099999
www.boats.net
You can order the manual here:
Honda Power Products Support Publications is your online source for official Honda Power Equipment, Marine, and Engine shop manuals and other service support materials.
publications.powerequipment.honda.com
You are good at taking photos so take plenty during disassembly.
This is more of a job than it might seem when first considered but with the manual and your determination to get it done, I look forward to seeing your post update about how great it runs.
Good luck.