Re: stator?
If this engine has functioned properly in the past, and now when you increase the throttle, the engine races up but the boat slows down..... that is usually due to the hub within the propeller slipping. Try another propeller.
From what you've said, the stator has nothing to do with your problem..... and 12 volts is 12 volts regardless of the ampere rating. If on the other hand, you threw 24 volts at the engine, then yes that would cause some damage.
The 1973 65hp model has what is called a Shift Assist lower unit.... a mechanical solenoid unit whose change in position via the shift cable linkage changes passageways in a oil pump.... no, it is not electrical.
Check the prop for slipping by removing the prop nut, then marking the hub and prop with a magic marker, replace the prop nut. Then water test it and hope it acts up as it did before. Remove the nut again and observe the markings. If they are out of line, the prop hub is slipping and will require rehubbing by a reliable propeller repair shop.