First off... car parts go in cars, boat parts go in boats. There may be very little or no apparent or technical difference between the truck fuel pump and the fuel pump that was originally installed in the boat. Except, fuel and electrical components are manufactured and certified to meet Coast Guard regulated standards. Call it pedigree. A lot of folks will claim it to be expensive and unnecessary, but it is what it is. The reason for it is the countless boat fires and explosions that the CG has been called to answer.
Some other engine parts (very few) can be interchanged, but you'd always be running a risk. In many cases, the boat engine parts and car engine parts come from the same mold. But parts intended for marine use do go through a more stringent screening and inspection process... more of tha pedigree stuff, thus the added expense. You can decide on your own if the added expense is worth it to you. If you decide to go the cheaper route, please be courteous enough to break down away from the boat ramp... others are waiting.
Car and boat engines perform at completely different levels. A boat on-plane making 25 or 30 knots is the equivelent of running you car on a 30% upward slope at full throttle. You might do that in your car for 5 or 10 minutes every couple of months... your boat will do it nearly it's entire life.
For your specific problem, After getting the right fuel pump, I would replace the fuel/water seperator and see what that gets you.
Find the vauum leak and fix it... With the engine idlling, you can usually find a leak by feeling, and listening in some of the suspect areas... intake manifold to cylinder head joints, carb to manifold joint, etc. If you can't find it that way, sparingly spray a little WD-40 on the joints and see where it gets sucked in, or when the whistling stops... that's your leak.
Next, since you just bought the boat, what's the history with the fuel that was in the tank? Did the previous owner leave the tank full?Was the boat sitting for a long time before you bought it? Was stabilizer added to the fuel? Stabilizer is a must-have at every fill-up.