The most likely scenario is that the bronze propeller hub is slipping with the aluminum or SS propeller at the higher rpm.
To test, remove the prop nut and with a magic marker, mark the hub and also the propeller so that the marks are aligned.
Now, run the engine on the water so as to encounter that problem, after which, remove the prop nut to inspect those marks.
If they are out of alignment, the hub us slipping and if so, the cure is to have the propeller re-hubbed or to install another propeller.
If the marks are still in alignment, the propeller is probably cavitating due to being too close to the water's surface, or something on the boat's hull interfering with the water flow to the propeller, something of that nature.
There is also the remote possibility of having the splines starting to fail between the crankshaft and the top of the driveshaft, however that would be my last suggestion.... not a common happening.