Hi,
That is your engine's flush port. There is an attatchment that screws into the threads in that hole and your garden hose screw on the attatchment. It looks like a miniature fire hose nozzle.
Inside there is a plastic valve that is held against the hole by a small coil spring. The white deposits you see are probably holding the valve away from the hole and allowing water to get by when the engine is running.
You can remove the thermostat housing and either replace the valve or simply clean it. Cleaning usually stops the leakage....for awhile.
With the housing off, you can do a superior back flush and clean out the salt with Salt Away or white vinegar and water.
It's typical of those valves to leak and need periodic cleaning.
Good luck