You can build too much oil pressure and bypass seals, possibly foam the oil by having too much air beat into it by parts not intended to be submerged.
I'd drain the oil and do it again with fresh oil. The filter could be fine, but it's $6 insurance in case there's something now floating in your engine's oil. If you want to be cautious next time, you can pour in 3/4 of the specified oil, remove plug wires from spark plugs, and crank it a few times with a brief delay between, while checking the oil level and add as necessary until it reaches the correct amount. That's being really particular, though.