If the water inlet strainer were blocked, the telltale would slow or stop, and the motor would overheat, so that is not likely to be your issue.
Yes, a 10-micron separator filter is a good thing. We like the Unikas brand that is sold through Tohatsu America; it has a clear bowl and drain, and is less expensive than some Racor brand units.
Stabilizer only slows the organic rotting of fuel; as long as you run only fresh gas (less than 30 days old), and keep water out, it is optional. But, if running E-10 fuel, which always has significant dissolved water in it, a good stabilizer with dispersants won't hurt. If you have a lot of stabilizer, and a lot of water, you can end up with a jelly-like mess, but that would likely be stopped at the water separator filter.
If your in-line fuel filter is partially clogged, it will usually limit high speeds, but may allow enough fuel flow for low speed operation.
Yes, o-rings at the connectors do age and wear, leading to lean conditions over time. Pumping the primer bulb will usually temporarily restore correct operation if that is happening.
I take it that you always, religiously, run the carb out of gas at the end of each and every day (unless you are definitely running again tomorrow), to reduce carb varnishing.
Did you test for a spun prop hub? If marginally bad, the prop could slip under high loads, but work OK at low to moderate loads.
You do realize that you may still be under warranty? If so, your dealer may be able to help you at little or no charge -- unless the problem is a consumer-caused issue, such as bad/contaminated fuel.