Yes, four strokes can and do benefit from decarbonizing. Gasoline is a hydrocarbon hence carbon and water are residue byproducts of combustion. It's just that the water vaporizes and doesn't really hang around but the carbon deposits will adhere to the valves, pistons, rings and cylinder heads.
Outboards ARE different in that they are typically used considerably different from automobile engines. An outboard may experience many hours of low throttle, low load operation when the boater is fishing and this can lead to carbon build up in the cylinders due to the lowered combustion temperatures that the engine will experience. Poor cooling system maintenance resulting in stuck open thermostats is also a culprit in lowered operating temperatures and poor combustion. This can lead to carbon deposit buildup in ANY gaseous fueled internal combustion engine including diesel, propane and natural gas.
Additionally, outboards are routinely operated at much higher rpm when traveling from port to fishing ground or for pleasure. The average car engine is usually subjected to no more than 3,000-4,000 rpm during normal driving and cruise. Outboards, on the other hand, are routinely subjected to 5,000 to 6,000rpm full throttle operation.
The bottom line is that results will vary from one guy to the next guy based on how well he maintains his equipment and how gently or harshly it gets used.